

They absolutely can, at least under the right circumstances. I accidentally scratched my dog’s eye least year while playing with him, and as a result he developed a pretty bad case of pink eye about a week later, discharge and all.
It fortunately cleared up pretty quickly with some prescription eye ointment, which _un_fortunately required a fairly pricey urgent care visit to basically say “Yep, it’s pink eye”.
This is pretty much what OpenAI tried to do with Scarlett Johansson (or more specifically, her voice) before they got hit with a C&D. Of course, this was after they had already tried to work with her directly so the intent was pretty obvious in that scenario.